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Current Affairs December 2025
61 important events from December 2025, grouped by topic, each with a one-line exam point.
Top stories
- RBI cuts repo rate to 5.25%
- VB-G RAM G Act replaces MGNREGA
- SHANTI Act opens nuclear sector
- India–Oman CEPA, NZ FTA concluded
- Deepavali joins UNESCO heritage list
- India win maiden Squash World Cup
Important Days
World AIDS Day
1 December 2025Observed on 1 December to raise awareness on HIV/AIDS. The 2025 theme was 'Overcoming disruption, transforming the AIDS response', amid a funding crisis.
- Date: 1 December
- 2025 theme: Overcoming disruption, transforming the AIDS response
- Global goal: end AIDS by 2030
Exam point: Overcoming disruption, transforming the AIDS response
International Day of Persons with Disabilities
3 December 2025Observed on 3 December. The 2025 theme was 'Fostering disability inclusive societies for advancing social progress'.
- Date: 3 December
- 2025 theme linked to the Second World Summit for Social Development
Exam point: Fostering disability inclusive societies for advancing social progress
Indian Navy Day
4 December 2025Navy Day marks Operation Trident (4 December 1971), when the Navy struck Karachi harbour. In 2025 the Operational Demonstration was held at Thiruvananthapuram with President Murmu attending.
- Commemorates Operation Trident, 1971
- PNS Khaibar was among Pakistani ships sunk
- 2025 demonstration at Thiruvananthapuram, featuring INS Vikrant
Exam point: Marks Operation Trident on Karachi, 4 December 1971
World Soil Day
5 December 2025Observed on 5 December, with backing from Thailand and the FAO. The 2025 theme was 'Healthy Soils for Healthy Cities'.
- 2025 theme: Healthy Soils for Healthy Cities
- Officially observed since 2014
Exam point: Healthy Soils for Healthy Cities
Human Rights Day
10 December 2025Marks the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948. The 2025 theme was 'Human Rights, Our Everyday Essentials'.
- UDHR adopted in Paris, 1948
- 2025 theme: Human Rights, Our Everyday Essentials
Exam point: Human Rights, Our Everyday Essentials
International Mountain Day
11 December 2025Observed on 11 December. The 2025 theme was 'Glaciers matter for water, food and livelihoods in mountains and beyond'.
- 2025 theme focuses on glaciers
- Mountains supply fresh water to about 2 billion people
Exam point: Glaciers matter for water, food and livelihoods in mountains and beyond
Vijay Diwas
16 December 2025Marks India's victory in the 1971 war and Pakistan's surrender in Dhaka on 16 December 1971, leading to the creation of Bangladesh.
- Surrender signed by Lt Gen A.A.K. Niazi before Lt Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora
- Venue: Ramna Race Course, Dhaka
Exam point: Victory in the 1971 war and the birth of Bangladesh
National Mathematics Day
22 December 2025Marks the birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan. It was declared by PM Manmohan Singh in 2011, on Ramanujan's 125th birth anniversary.
- Birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan
- Declared in 2011 by Manmohan Singh
Exam point: Birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan
Good Governance Day
25 December 2025Observed on the birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee since 2014. The 2025 edition marked his birth centenary.
- Started in 2014
- 2025 marked Vajpayee's 100th birth anniversary
Exam point: Vajpayee's birth anniversary; centenary year in 2025
National Affairs
Govt drops mandatory pre-installation of Sanchar Saathi app
3 December 2025The Department of Telecommunications withdrew its order requiring phone makers to pre-install the Sanchar Saathi app on all new handsets within 90 days. The government said the app's growing voluntary use made the mandate unnecessary.
- Order had been issued on 28 November 2025 with a 90-day deadline
- Withdrawn on 3 December 2025
- Sanchar Saathi is a DoT portal/app for reporting lost phones and fraud
Exam point: Sanchar Saathi pre-installation order withdrawn on 3 December
Parliament passes Health Security se National Security Cess Bill
8 December 2025Parliament approved a new cess on pan masala and other notified demerit goods, with the money meant for public health and national security. A companion Central Excise (Amendment) Bill raising duties on tobacco was passed earlier in the week.
- Rajya Sabha passed the cess Bill on 8 December 2025
- Cess applies only to demerit goods such as pan masala
- Central Excise (Amendment) Bill, 2025 raises tobacco duties
Exam point: New cess on pan masala funds health and national security
Cabinet clears Rs 11,718 crore for Census 2027
12 December 2025The Union Cabinet approved ₹11,718.24 crore for Census 2027, which will be India's first digital Census and will include caste enumeration. It will be held in two phases.
- Phase 1: Houselisting and Housing Census, April–September 2026
- Phase 2: Population Enumeration in February 2027
- About 30 lakh field staff; data collected through mobile apps with a self-enumeration option
Exam point: Census 2027 will be India's first digital Census
Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan Bill introduced, sent to JPC
15 December 2025Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan introduced a Bill to create a single higher-education regulator, the Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan, in place of UGC, AICTE and NCTE. The Bill was referred to a Joint Parliamentary Committee.
- Would replace the UGC Act 1956, AICTE Act 1987 and NCTE Act 1993
- Three councils: Shiksha Manak (standards), Viniyaman (regulation) and Gunvatta (accreditation) Parishad
- Introduced in Lok Sabha on 15 December 2025
Exam point: VBSA to replace UGC, AICTE and NCTE as single regulator
Parliament passes VB-G RAM G Bill replacing MGNREGA
18 December 2025Parliament cleared the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Bill, 2025, which replaces the MGNREGA of 2005. It raises the rural job guarantee from 100 to 125 days a year and changes how the Centre and states share the cost.
- Replaces the Mahatma Gandhi NREGA, 2005
- Guarantee raised to 125 days of wage work per rural household per year
- Centre–state funding 60:40; 90:10 for North-Eastern and Himalayan states
- States can notify up to 60 days a year of pause during peak sowing/harvest
Exam point: VB-G RAM G Act guarantees 125 days of rural wage employment
SHANTI Act opens nuclear power sector to private firms
18 December 2025Parliament passed the SHANTI Bill, 2025 (Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India), and the President gave assent on 20 December. It replaces the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, allowing controlled private participation.
- Repeals the Atomic Energy Act, 1962 and CLND Act, 2010
- Lok Sabha passed it on 17 Dec, Rajya Sabha on 18 Dec; assent on 20 Dec
- Gives statutory status to the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
- Supports the target of 100 GW nuclear capacity by 2047
Exam point: SHANTI Act replaces Atomic Energy Act 1962 and CLND Act 2010
Winter Session ends; 8 Bills passed, Vande Mataram debated
19 December 2025The Winter Session of Parliament was adjourned sine die on 19 December 2025 after passing eight Bills. Both Houses also held special discussions on 150 years of Vande Mataram, with PM Modi opening the Lok Sabha debate on 8 December.
- Lok Sabha productivity about 111%; Rajya Sabha about 121%
- Special discussion on 150 years of the national song Vande Mataram
- Bills passed include VB-G RAM G, SHANTI and the insurance amendment
Exam point: Winter Session 2025 passed eight Bills
Appointments
CEC Gyanesh Kumar takes over as chair of International IDEA
3 December 2025Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar assumed the chairship of the International IDEA (Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance) in Stockholm, the first time India has been invited to lead the body.
- Chair: Gyanesh Kumar, CEC of India
- International IDEA is headquartered in Stockholm
- India's first chairship of the institute
Exam point: India's CEC Gyanesh Kumar chairs International IDEA
Asim Munir becomes Pakistan's first Chief of Defence Forces
4 December 2025Field Marshal Asim Munir became Pakistan's first Chief of Defence Forces, a post created by the 27th Constitutional Amendment that replaced the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.
- Post created by Pakistan's 27th Amendment (Article 243)
- First holder: Field Marshal Asim Munir
- Replaces the CJCSC post
Exam point: Asim Munir is Pakistan's first Chief of Defence Forces
Raj Kumar Goyal sworn in as Chief Information Commissioner
15 December 2025Former IAS officer Raj Kumar Goyal took oath as Chief Information Commissioner on 15 December 2025. Eight new Information Commissioners were also sworn in the same day.
- New CIC: Raj Kumar Goyal
- Eight Information Commissioners sworn in, including Jaya Varma Sinha and P. R. Ramesh
- CIC heads the Central Information Commission under the RTI Act, 2005
Exam point: Raj Kumar Goyal became Chief Information Commissioner
Barham Salih elected UN High Commissioner for Refugees
18 December 2025The UN General Assembly elected former Iraqi President Barham Salih as UN High Commissioner for Refugees. He succeeds Filippo Grandi from 1 January 2026.
- Elected by UNGA on 18 December 2025
- Succeeds Filippo Grandi
- Takes office on 1 January 2026
Exam point: Barham Salih is the new UNHCR chief
Science, Tech & Space
China's Zhuque-3 makes maiden flight with booster landing attempt
3 December 2025China's Zhuque-3 rocket made its first flight, and its maker tried to recover the first stage, the first such attempt by a non-American rocket. The rocket reached orbit but the booster landing failed.
- Rocket: Zhuque-3 (LandSpace, China)
- First non-American orbital rocket to try booster recovery
Exam point: Zhuque-3 was the first non-US rocket to attempt booster recovery
WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine opens in New Delhi
17 December 2025The WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine, a three-day event, began in New Delhi, with India as co-host.
- Venue: New Delhi
- Organised by the World Health Organization with India
Exam point: New Delhi hosted the WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine
LVM3-M6 places US firm's BlueBird Block-2 satellite in orbit
24 December 2025ISRO's LVM3-M6 launched AST SpaceMobile's BlueBird Block-2 satellite (about 6,100 kg) into low Earth orbit from Sriharikota. The commercial mission was described as ISRO's 100th orbital launch since SLV-3.
- Rocket: LVM3-M6; satellite BlueBird Block-2 / BlueBird-6
- Mass about 6,100 kg, into LEO
- Customer: AST SpaceMobile (USA)
- Launched from the Second Launch Pad, Sriharikota
Exam point: LVM3-M6 orbited the 6,100 kg BlueBird Block-2 for AST SpaceMobile
International Affairs
Putin in New Delhi for 23rd India–Russia Annual Summit
5 December 2025President Vladimir Putin visited India on 4–5 December for the 23rd India–Russia Annual Summit. The two sides adopted an economic programme till 2030 and set a bilateral trade target of US$100 billion by 2030.
- Adopted the Programme for Strategic Areas of Economic Cooperation till 2030
- Trade target US$100 billion by 2030; trade was US$68 billion in 2024-25
- India to offer a free 30-day e-tourist visa to Russians
- New Indian consulates in Yekaterinburg and Kazan
Exam point: India–Russia trade target: US$100 billion by 2030
Bangladesh announces general election for 12 February 2026
11 December 2025Bangladesh's Election Commission announced the schedule for the national election on 12 February 2026, to be held together with a referendum on the July Charter.
- Schedule declared on 11 December 2025
- Polling date: 12 February 2026
- Referendum on the July Charter on the same day
Exam point: Bangladesh poll set for 12 February 2026 with July Charter referendum
José Antonio Kast wins Chile's presidential run-off
14 December 2025Right-wing candidate José Antonio Kast won Chile's presidential run-off with over 58% of the vote, defeating leftist Jeannette Jara. He will lead Chile's most right-wing government since the return of democracy.
- Winner: José Antonio Kast
- Runner-up: Jeannette Jara (about 41%)
- Run-off held on 14 December 2025
Exam point: Kast elected President of Chile with over 58% of votes
PM Modi's first full bilateral visit to Jordan
15 December 2025PM Modi visited Jordan on 15–16 December, marking 75 years of diplomatic ties, and met King Abdullah II. Five MoUs were signed, including a Petra–Ellora twinning arrangement.
- Ties established in 1950; visit marked 75 years
- Five MoUs: renewable energy, water, Petra–Ellora twinning, culture, digital
- Goal: bilateral trade of US$5 billion in five years
Exam point: India and Jordan agreed on Petra–Ellora twinning
India and Ethiopia upgrade ties to Strategic Partnership
16 December 2025On his first visit to Ethiopia, PM Modi held talks with PM Abiy Ahmed Ali in Addis Ababa; ties were raised to a Strategic Partnership and eight MoUs were signed. On 17 December he addressed a joint session of Ethiopia's Parliament.
- Relationship elevated to Strategic Partnership
- Eight MoUs incl. customs, data centre, UN peacekeeping training, AI courses
- Modi addressed the joint session of Ethiopia's Parliament on 17 Dec
Exam point: India–Ethiopia ties elevated to Strategic Partnership
Myanmar holds first phase of first post-coup election
28 December 2025Myanmar held the first of three phases of its general election, the first since the 2021 military coup. Major opposition parties such as the dissolved NLD did not take part.
- Phases: 28 Dec 2025, 11 Jan and 25 Jan 2026
- Military-backed USDP led early results
- Junta led by Senior General Min Aung Hlaing
Exam point: Myanmar's first election since the 2021 coup began on 28 December
Banking & Finance
RBI cuts repo rate by 25 bps to 5.25%
5 December 2025The RBI's Monetary Policy Committee under Governor Sanjay Malhotra cut the repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.25%. It raised the FY26 GDP growth forecast to 7.3% and lowered the inflation forecast to 2%.
- Repo 5.25%; SDF 5.00%; MSF 5.50%
- FY26 GDP forecast raised to 7.3% (from 6.8%)
- FY26 CPI inflation forecast cut to 2.0%
- Cumulative cuts in 2025: 125 bps
Exam point: Repo rate cut to 5.25% on 5 December 2025
Parliament allows 100% FDI in insurance
17 December 2025Parliament passed the Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment of Insurance Laws) Bill, 2025, raising the FDI cap in insurance companies from 74% to 100%. It also gives more operational freedom to LIC and more powers to IRDAI.
- FDI limit raised from 74% to 100%
- Amends Insurance Act 1938, LIC Act 1956 and IRDA Act 1999
- Foreign reinsurer branch capital need cut from ₹5,000 crore to ₹1,000 crore
Exam point: Insurance FDI cap raised from 74% to 100%
Atal Pension Yojana enrolments cross 8.34 crore
December 2025Enrolments under the Atal Pension Yojana passed 8.34 crore, with women making up about 48% of subscribers. The scheme gives a guaranteed pension to unorganised-sector workers.
- Enrolments: 8.34 crore
- Women: about 48% of subscribers
- Launched in May 2015; for ages 18–40
Exam point: Atal Pension Yojana enrolments crossed 8.34 crore
Sports
FIFA World Cup 2026 draw held in Washington
5 December 2025The draw for the 48-team FIFA World Cup 2026 took place at the Kennedy Center, Washington DC. FIFA also presented its first FIFA Peace Prize to US President Donald Trump.
- 48 teams in 12 groups
- Opening match 11 June 2026: Mexico vs South Africa; final 19 July at MetLife Stadium
- Inaugural FIFA Peace Prize given to Donald Trump
Exam point: 2026 World Cup: 48 teams, 12 groups, hosted by USA, Canada, Mexico
India beat South Africa 2-1 in ODI series
6 December 2025India won the deciding third ODI against South Africa to take the series 2-1. Virat Kohli was Player of the Series with 302 runs.
- Series result: India won 2-1
- Player of the Series: Virat Kohli (302 runs)
- South Africa had won the Test series 2-0
Exam point: India won the ODI series against South Africa 2-1
India win bronze at Men's Junior Hockey World Cup
10 December 2025Germany beat Spain in a shoot-out to win a record eighth FIH Men's Junior World Cup title in Tamil Nadu. Hosts India won bronze by beating Argentina 4-2.
- Champions: Germany (8th title)
- India beat Argentina 4-2 for bronze
- Hosted in Chennai and Madurai; 24 teams
Exam point: Germany won a record 8th Junior Hockey World Cup; India bronze
India win maiden Squash World Cup in Chennai
14 December 2025India beat top seeds Hong Kong, China 3-0 in the final to win their first Squash World Cup title at home in Chennai.
- Final: India 3-0 Hong Kong, China
- Team: Joshna Chinappa, Abhay Singh, Anahat Singh, Velavan Senthilkumar
- Venue: Chennai
Exam point: India won its first Squash World Cup title
Cameron Green fetches Rs 25.20 crore at IPL 2026 auction
16 December 2025At the IPL 2026 auction in Abu Dhabi, Kolkata Knight Riders bought Australian all-rounder Cameron Green for ₹25.20 crore, the highest price for an overseas player in IPL history.
- Most expensive: Cameron Green, ₹25.20 crore (KKR)
- KKR also bought Matheesha Pathirana for ₹18 crore
- Auction venue: Abu Dhabi
Exam point: Cameron Green: ₹25.20 crore to KKR, record overseas buy
India win T20I series against South Africa 3-1
19 December 2025India beat South Africa by 30 runs in the fifth T20I to win the five-match series 3-1 (one match was abandoned). Varun Chakravarthy was Player of the Series.
- Series result: India 3-1
- Player of the Series: Varun Chakravarthy (10 wickets)
- Fourth match in Lucknow was abandoned
Exam point: India beat South Africa 3-1 in the T20I series
Arjun Erigaisi, Koneru Humpy win World Rapid bronze
29 December 2025At the FIDE World Rapid Championships in Doha, Magnus Carlsen won his sixth rapid title and Aleksandra Goryachkina won the women's event. India's Arjun Erigaisi and Koneru Humpy won bronze.
- Open champion: Magnus Carlsen (6th rapid title)
- Women's champion: Aleksandra Goryachkina
- Bronze: Arjun Erigaisi and Koneru Humpy
Exam point: Arjun Erigaisi and Koneru Humpy won World Rapid bronze
Carlsen wins ninth World Blitz title in Doha
30 December 2025Magnus Carlsen won a record ninth World Blitz title, beating Nodirbek Abdusattorov in the final. Bibisara Assaubayeva of Kazakhstan won the women's blitz title. Arjun Erigaisi topped the Swiss stage but lost in the semi-final.
- Open: Magnus Carlsen (9th blitz title)
- Women: Bibisara Assaubayeva (Kazakhstan)
- Venue: Doha, Qatar
Exam point: Carlsen won a record 9th World Blitz title
Obituaries
Architect Frank Gehry dies at 96
5 December 2025Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry, designer of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, died at 96 in Santa Monica.
- Known for Guggenheim Bilbao and Walt Disney Concert Hall
- Won the Pritzker Prize in 1989
Exam point: Frank Gehry won the Pritzker Prize in 1989
Shivraj Patil, former Lok Sabha Speaker, passes away
12 December 2025Former Union Home Minister and Lok Sabha Speaker Shivraj Patil died at Latur, Maharashtra.
- Lok Sabha Speaker 1991–96
- Union Home Minister 2004–08
- Governor of Punjab 2010–15
Exam point: Shivraj Patil was Lok Sabha Speaker from 1991 to 1996
Jnanpith laureate Vinod Kumar Shukla dies
23 December 2025Hindi writer Vinod Kumar Shukla, winner of the 59th Jnanpith Award, died at AIIMS Raipur. He was known for novels such as *Naukar Ki Kameez*.
- 59th Jnanpith Award (2024); first from Chhattisgarh
- Sahitya Akademi Award for Deewar Mein Ek Khirkee Rehti Thi
- Debut novel: Naukar Ki Kameez
Exam point: Vinod Kumar Shukla was Chhattisgarh's first Jnanpith awardee
French actress Brigitte Bardot dies at 91
28 December 2025French screen icon Brigitte Bardot, star of *And God Created Woman* (1956) and later an animal-rights campaigner, died at 91.
- Film: And God Created Woman (1956)
- Founded the Brigitte Bardot Foundation (1986) for animal welfare
Exam point: Brigitte Bardot founded an animal-welfare foundation in 1986
Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh's first woman PM, dies
30 December 2025Khaleda Zia, Bangladesh's first woman Prime Minister and long-time chairperson of the BNP, died at 79.
- First woman PM of Bangladesh
- PM in 1991–96 and 2001–06
- Chairperson of the BNP from 1984
Exam point: Khaleda Zia was Bangladesh's first woman Prime Minister
Environment & Heritage
UNEA-7 held in Nairobi
8 December 2025The seventh UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-7) met at UNEP headquarters in Nairobi from 8 to 12 December under the theme 'Advancing sustainable solutions for a resilient planet'.
- Venue: Nairobi, Kenya (UNEP HQ)
- Theme: Advancing sustainable solutions for a resilient planet
- UNEA is the world's top decision-making body on the environment
Exam point: UNEA-7 theme: Advancing sustainable solutions for a resilient planet
Deepavali inscribed on UNESCO intangible heritage list
10 December 2025UNESCO added Deepavali to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity at the 20th session of the Intergovernmental Committee held at the Red Fort, New Delhi.
- 16th Indian element on the list
- 20th IGC session held at Red Fort, 8–13 December 2025
Exam point: Deepavali became India's 16th UNESCO intangible heritage element
Supreme Court stays its Aravalli definition order
29 December 2025A Bench led by CJI Surya Kant put on hold its 20 November 2025 judgment that had accepted a 100-metre height-based definition of the Aravalli hills. It ordered a new high-powered expert committee and kept the bar on fresh mining.
- Stayed order of 20 November 2025
- Earlier definition: landforms 100 m or more above local relief
- New High-Powered Expert Committee to re-examine
- No new mining in Aravallis without the Court's leave
Exam point: SC stayed the 100-metre Aravalli definition on 29 December
States in News
Madhya Pradesh declared free of Naxalism
11 December 2025Chief Minister Mohan Yadav declared Madhya Pradesh free of Naxalism after the last active Maoists surrendered in Balaghat district.
- Announced by CM Mohan Yadav
- Final surrenders took place in Balaghat district
Exam point: Madhya Pradesh declared Naxal-free in December 2025
Mahayuti sweeps Maharashtra municipal council polls
21 December 2025Results of polls to 288 municipal councils and nagar panchayats in Maharashtra were declared on 21 December. The ruling Mahayuti alliance won 207 president posts, with the BJP alone winning 117.
- Mahayuti won 207 of 288 president posts
- BJP 117, Shiv Sena 53, NCP 37
- Voting began on 2 December 2025
Exam point: Mahayuti won 207 of 288 civic president posts
Rashtra Prerna Sthal inaugurated in Lucknow on Vajpayee centenary
25 December 2025On Atal Bihari Vajpayee's birth centenary, PM Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow, a memorial with statues of Vajpayee and other Bharatiya Jana Sangh founders.
- Opened on 25 December 2025 (Good Governance Day)
- Located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
- Marks the 100th birth anniversary of Vajpayee
Exam point: Rashtra Prerna Sthal, Lucknow, marks Vajpayee birth centenary
Awards & Honours
TIME names 'Architects of AI' as 2025 Person of the Year
11 December 2025TIME magazine named the 'Architects of AI' as its 2025 Person of the Year, a group of eight tech leaders behind the rise of artificial intelligence.
- Group includes Jensen Huang, Sam Altman, Dario Amodei, Demis Hassabis, Lisa Su, Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg and Fei-Fei Li
- Announced on 11 December 2025
Exam point: TIME Person of the Year 2025: Architects of AI
PM Modi receives Ethiopia's highest honour
16 December 2025PM Modi was conferred The Great Honour Nishan of Ethiopia, the country's highest award, in Addis Ababa for strengthening India–Ethiopia ties.
- Award: Great Honour Nishan of Ethiopia
- Conferred during Modi's first visit to Ethiopia
Exam point: Great Honour Nishan of Ethiopia conferred on PM Modi
Dembélé and Bonmatí win The Best FIFA awards 2025
16 December 2025At The Best FIFA Football Awards, Ousmane Dembélé won Best Men's Player and Aitana Bonmatí won Best Women's Player. Luis Enrique and Sarina Wiegman won the coaching awards.
- Men: Ousmane Dembélé (PSG, France)
- Women: Aitana Bonmatí (Barcelona, Spain)
- Puskás Award: Santiago Montiel
Exam point: Ousmane Dembélé won The Best FIFA Men's Player 2025
'Homebound' shortlisted for 98th Academy Awards
16 December 2025Neeraj Ghaywan's Hindi film Homebound made the shortlist of 15 films for Best International Feature Film at the 98th Academy Awards.
- Director: Neeraj Ghaywan
- Category: Best International Feature Film
- Oscars ceremony on 15 March 2026
Exam point: Homebound made the Oscars International Feature shortlist
PM Modi conferred the Order of Oman
18 December 2025Sultan Haitham bin Tarik conferred the Order of Oman on PM Modi in Muscat, as the two countries marked 70 years of diplomatic relations.
- Award: Order of Oman (instituted in 1970)
- Conferred by Sultan Haitham bin Tarik
Exam point: Order of Oman conferred on PM Modi in Muscat
Defence & Security
Navy commissions second MH-60R squadron INAS 335
17 December 2025The Indian Navy commissioned its second MH-60R Seahawk helicopter squadron, INAS 335 'Ospreys', at INS Hansa, Goa.
- Squadron: INAS 335 'Ospreys'
- Helicopter: MH-60R Seahawk (US-made multi-role)
- Base: INS Hansa, Goa
Exam point: INAS 335 'Ospreys' is the Navy's second MH-60R squadron
President Murmu undertakes submarine sortie from Karwar
28 December 2025President Droupadi Murmu visited INS Kadamba naval base at Karwar and went on a sortie aboard a submarine, becoming only the second President to do so.
- Base: INS Kadamba, Karwar (Karnataka)
- Only the second President to sail in a submarine
Exam point: Murmu became the second Indian President to sail in a submarine
Operation Sagar Bandhu brings aid to cyclone-hit Sri Lanka
December 2025India ran Operation Sagar Bandhu to help Sri Lanka after Cyclone Ditwah, sending medical teams and supplies on C-130J aircraft and using IAF helicopters for rescue.
- Operation name: Sagar Bandhu
- Cyclone: Ditwah
- IAF C-130J flew in 10 tonnes of medical supplies
Exam point: Operation Sagar Bandhu: India's relief for Cyclone Ditwah in Sri Lanka
Economy
India and Oman sign CEPA in Muscat
18 December 2025India and Oman signed a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) during PM Modi's visit to Muscat, as the two nations marked 70 years of diplomatic ties. Oman will remove duties on almost all Indian exports.
- Oman removes duty on 98.08% of tariff lines covering 99.38% of India's exports
- India liberalised 77.79% of its tariff lines
- India's second CEPA with a GCC country after the UAE (2022)
Exam point: India–Oman CEPA gives duty-free access to 99.38% of Indian exports
India and New Zealand conclude FTA talks
22 December 2025PM Modi and New Zealand PM Christopher Luxon announced the conclusion of a Free Trade Agreement, negotiated in about nine months since talks began in March 2025. New Zealand is expected to invest US$20 billion in India over 15 years.
- Announced on 22 December 2025
- Expected investment of US$20 billion over 15 years
- Aim to double bilateral trade in five years
Exam point: India–New Zealand FTA concluded in about nine months